{ "name": "Jargon HR glossary", "canonical": "https://miaotuijian.cn/glossary/", "lastUpdated": "2026-11-10", "license": "Editorial content. Cite Jargon HR and link to the canonical URL. Not legal advice.", "terms": [ { "slug": "jargon-hr", "term": "Jargon HR", "zh": "行话 HR", "category": "Product", "definition": "Jargon HR is a rule-based job-description checker that translates hiring jargon, separates hard gates from core skills and nice-to-haves, scores the company on six heuristics, and builds an evidence-backed interview prep list.", "zhDef": "行话 HR 是规则驱动的 JD 体检工具：翻译黑话、区分硬门槛与核心要求、做企业六维评分，并生成带原文依据的面试准备清单。", "why": "It turns a long, euphemistic JD into a small set of decisions: can I apply, what will be tested, and what should I prepare first.", "example": "Paste a JD and get a verdict, a requirement table, a jargon decoder, market facts, and a tiered prep list.", "related": [ "jd-parsing", "prep-score" ] }, { "slug": "jd-parsing", "term": "Job-description parsing", "zh": "JD 解析", "category": "Product", "definition": "JD parsing splits a job description into sections, then into atomic requirements that can each be classified, matched, and scored.", "zhDef": "把岗位描述先分节、再拆成可分类、可匹配、可评分的原子要求。", "why": "A single bullet often mixes a hard gate, a tool, and a nice-to-have; treating the bullet as one unit hides which part actually matters.", "example": "“5+ years Java, Kafka, and a Master’s degree” becomes three requirements with different types and weights.", "related": [ "hard-gate", "core-requirement" ] }, { "slug": "market-pack", "term": "Market pack", "zh": "市场包", "category": "Product", "definition": "A market pack is a country-specific bundle of currency parsing, city and legal-form detection, local jargon, statutory facts, and scoring adjustments.", "zhDef": "按国家打包的货币、城市/法律实体识别、本土黑话、法定事实与评分调整。", "why": "Institutions differ; a German Probezeit or a Dutch proeftijd is not the same thing as a UK probation clause.", "example": "The UK pack knows Right to work and IR35; the German pack knows Probezeit and Tarifvertrag.", "related": [ "facts-layer", "industry-overlay" ] }, { "slug": "industry-overlay", "term": "Industry overlay", "zh": "行业包", "category": "Product", "definition": "An industry overlay adds sector-specific signals and a light scoring adjustment on top of a market pack, without duplicating the country data.", "zhDef": "在市场包之上叠加行业信号和轻量评分调整，不复制国家数据。", "why": "A finance KYC requirement and a healthcare credentialing requirement are different bottlenecks even in the same country.", "example": "Finance adds KYC/AML/SOX; sales adds quota/commission/territory; public sector adds clearance and GS grades.", "related": [ "market-pack", "facts-layer" ] }, { "slug": "facts-layer", "term": "Facts layer", "zh": "事实层", "category": "Product", "definition": "The facts layer contains jurisdiction-level defaults such as statutory holiday, pension minimums, notice periods, IR35, Blue Card, and H-1B, each with a source link.", "zhDef": "带官方来源的法定默认值，如法定假期、养老金、notice、IR35、Blue Card、H-1B。", "why": "Facts are stable-ish and verifiable; jargon is probabilistic. Mixing them creates false confidence.", "example": "The UK pack links GOV.UK and HMRC; the German pack links BUrlG, BGB, and Make it in Germany.", "related": [ "market-pack", "hard-gate" ] }, { "slug": "hard-gate", "term": "Hard gate", "zh": "硬门槛", "category": "Scoring", "definition": "A hard gate is a requirement that can stop an application before skills are assessed, such as work authorization, a required license, a degree level, or a minimum number of years.", "zhDef": "在评估能力前就能让申请出局的硬性条件，如工作许可、执照、学历、最低年限。", "why": "Missing a hard gate makes prep irrelevant until the gate is solved or explicitly waived.", "example": "“Must have the right to work in the UK” or “Master’s degree required” is a hard gate; “Kafka is a plus” is not.", "related": [ "core-requirement", "prep-score" ] }, { "slug": "core-requirement", "term": "Core requirement", "zh": "核心要求", "category": "Scoring", "definition": "A core requirement is a capability the role is actually hired for; it usually drives interview depth and leveling, even when the JD does not use the word “required”.", "zhDef": "岗位真正招人要看的能力，通常决定面试深度和定级。", "why": "Core requirements deserve evidence and rehearsal; nice-to-haves only break ties.", "example": "For a backend role, “owns services end to end” and “expert in Java or Kotlin” are core.", "related": [ "hard-gate", "nice-to-have" ] }, { "slug": "nice-to-have", "term": "Nice-to-have", "zh": "加分项", "category": "Scoring", "definition": "A nice-to-have is a preferred signal that is not expected to be met by every qualified candidate.", "zhDef": "不是每个合格候选人都必须具备的偏好项。", "why": "It should not dominate prep time; it matters as a tie-breaker after hard gates and core skills.", "example": "“DDD experience” or “payments background” is usually a plus, not a gate.", "related": [ "core-requirement", "prep-score" ] }, { "slug": "prep-score", "term": "Prep score", "zh": "准备分", "category": "Scoring", "definition": "Prep score = W × Q × Gap. W is the requirement weight, Q is a prior on the probability it gets asked, and Gap combines missing evidence with the ability to explain it.", "zhDef": "准备分 = W × Q × Gap：权重 × 被问概率先验 × 证据/表达缺口。", "why": "It ranks preparation by leverage, not by how scary a bullet sounds.", "example": "A core requirement with weak evidence and a hard gate both score high, but for different reasons.", "related": [ "evidence-gap", "ask-probability" ] }, { "slug": "evidence-gap", "term": "Evidence gap", "zh": "证据缺口", "category": "Scoring", "definition": "An evidence gap means you may have the experience but the JD or your materials contain no concrete proof of it.", "zhDef": "可能有经验，但 JD 或你的材料里没有具体证据。", "why": "Interviewers ask for examples; a claim without a metric, scope, or trade-off is hard to defend.", "example": "“Worked on Kafka” is weaker than “ran 12 Kafka partitions at 8k events/s with a 200ms p99”.", "related": [ "articulation-gap", "prep-score" ] }, { "slug": "articulation-gap", "term": "Articulation gap", "zh": "表达缺口", "category": "Scoring", "definition": "An articulation gap means the evidence exists but you cannot yet explain it clearly, concisely, or in the interviewer’s language.", "zhDef": "证据存在，但还不能清楚、简洁地用面试官的语言讲出来。", "why": "A strong project with a rambling story still reads as weak signal.", "example": "You built the system but cannot explain the trade-off between consistency and latency in two minutes.", "related": [ "evidence-gap", "prep-score" ] }, { "slug": "company-check", "term": "Company check", "zh": "企业体检", "category": "Scoring", "definition": "The company check scores stability, growth, management maturity, workload, pay credibility, and hiring sincerity from signals in the JD.", "zhDef": "从 JD 信号给稳定性、成长性、管理成熟度、工作强度、薪资可信度、招聘诚意打分。", "why": "A role can be a good skill match and still be a bad bet; the six dimensions make that trade-off explicit.", "example": "Urgent hiring plus a vague scope and no reporting line lowers hiring sincerity and management maturity.", "related": [ "jargon-hr", "prep-score" ] }, { "slug": "ask-probability", "term": "Ask probability (Q)", "zh": "被问概率", "category": "Scoring", "definition": "Q is a prior estimate of how likely a requirement is to be probed in an interview, based on its type and how central it is to the role.", "zhDef": "某条要求在实际面试中被追问的概率先验。", "why": "Not every line in a JD is tested; Q keeps the prep list from becoming a 40-item slog.", "example": "A hard gate may be checked by HR; a core skill is likely to get a deep technical question.", "related": [ "prep-score", "core-requirement" ] }, { "slug": "right-to-work", "term": "Right to work", "zh": "工作许可", "category": "UK", "definition": "Right to work is the UK employer’s legal duty to check that a person is allowed to work before employment starts; sponsorship changes the check and the candidate pool.", "zhDef": "英国雇主在入职前必须核验工作许可；需要 sponsorship 时门槛和候选人范围都会变。", "why": "It is a hard gate that no amount of technical skill can waive.", "example": "“Must have the right to work in the UK; no sponsorship” means the role is closed to candidates who need a visa.", "related": [ "ir35", "hard-gate" ] }, { "slug": "ir35", "term": "IR35", "zh": "IR35 off-payroll", "category": "UK", "definition": "IR35 is the UK’s off-payroll working rule set, determining whether a contractor engaged through an intermediary is effectively an employee for tax purposes.", "zhDef": "英国 off-payroll 规则，判断通过中介合作的承包商在税务上是否实质为雇员。", "why": "It changes take-home pay, contract structure, and who bears the compliance burden.", "example": "A “day rate outside IR35” contract can be worth materially more than an inside-IR35 one.", "related": [ "right-to-work", "market-pack" ] }, { "slug": "probezeit", "term": "Probezeit", "zh": "试用期", "category": "Germany", "definition": "Probezeit is the German probation period; it is commonly up to six months, and notice during probation can be shorter than the statutory notice after it.", "zhDef": "德国试用期，常见最长 6 个月；试用期内的解约通知期可能短于正式期。", "why": "It is the easiest exit for either side, and it changes how much notice you have.", "example": "A six-month Probezeit with two weeks’ notice is a different risk from a permanent contract with three months’ notice.", "related": [ "kuendigungsfrist", "tarifvertrag" ] }, { "slug": "kuendigungsfrist", "term": "Kündigungsfrist", "zh": "解约通知期", "category": "Germany", "definition": "Kündigungsfrist is the German notice period; the statutory baseline is four weeks to the end of a month, but a contract or Tarifvertrag can extend it.", "zhDef": "德国解约通知期；法定基线是月底前 4 周，合同或集体协议可以延长。", "why": "Notice affects start dates, visa timing, and how quickly you can leave a bad role.", "example": "“3 Monate zum Quartalsende” means three months to the end of a quarter, not three months from today.", "related": [ "probezeit", "tarifvertrag" ] }, { "slug": "tarifvertrag", "term": "Tarifvertrag", "zh": "集体协议", "category": "Germany", "definition": "A Tarifvertrag is a collective agreement between an employer or employers’ association and a union, setting pay, hours, leave, and other terms.", "zhDef": "德国雇主/雇主协会与工会签订的集体协议，规定薪资、工时、假期等。", "why": "It can improve or constrain the offer beyond the individual contract, and it is a stability signal.", "example": "A Tarifvertrag may add 13th-month pay, extra holiday, or a works council framework.", "related": [ "probezeit", "kuendigungsfrist" ] }, { "slug": "cdi-cdd", "term": "CDI / CDD", "zh": "法国长期/短期合同", "category": "France", "definition": "CDI is the French permanent employment contract; CDD is a fixed-term contract with legally limited renewal and termination rules.", "zhDef": "CDI 是法国长期合同，CDD 是有严格续签/终止规则的短期合同。", "why": "The contract type changes stability, loan eligibility, notice, and what “permanent” means in the offer.", "example": "A CDD with a six-month term is not equivalent to a CDI even if the day-to-day work is the same.", "related": [ "rtt", "hard-gate" ] }, { "slug": "rtt", "term": "RTT", "zh": "工时减让假", "category": "France", "definition": "RTT (réduction du temps de travail) is extra paid time off earned by employees whose working time exceeds the statutory 35-hour week.", "zhDef": "法国每周超过 35 小时法定工时后累积的额外带薪假。", "why": "It can add 10–20 days off per year, and it is often omitted from English summaries of the offer.", "example": "A 39-hour contract may come with around 12 RTT days on top of five weeks’ holiday.", "related": [ "cdi-cdd", "market-pack" ] }, { "slug": "cao", "term": "CAO", "zh": "荷兰集体协议", "category": "Netherlands", "definition": "A CAO (collectieve arbeidsovereenkomst) is a Dutch collective labour agreement that sets minimum terms for a sector or company.", "zhDef": "荷兰行业或公司的集体劳动协议，规定该领域的最低雇佣条件。", "why": "It can override or supplement the individual contract, including pay scales, leave, and probation.", "example": "“CAO applies” means the offer is not fully negotiable on every term.", "related": [ "proeftijd", "vakantiegeld" ] }, { "slug": "proeftijd", "term": "Proeftijd", "zh": "荷兰试用期", "category": "Netherlands", "definition": "Proeftijd is the Dutch probation period; it is capped at two months for a permanent contract, one month for a fixed term of 6–24 months, and is not allowed for contracts under six months.", "zhDef": "荷兰试用期；长期合同最多 2 个月，6–24 个月合同最多 1 个月，6 个月以下不得约定。", "why": "An illegal or overlong probation clause is a red flag and may be unenforceable.", "example": "A two-month proeftijd on a one-year contract is longer than the statutory maximum.", "related": [ "cao", "vakantiegeld" ] }, { "slug": "vakantiegeld", "term": "Vakantiegeld", "zh": "假期津贴", "category": "Netherlands", "definition": "Vakantiegeld is the Dutch holiday allowance, usually 8% of gross annual salary, typically paid in May or June.", "zhDef": "荷兰假期津贴，通常为年薪的 8%，多在 5/6 月发放。", "why": "It is a real part of total compensation and is often left out of English salary comparisons.", "example": "A €60,000 salary plus 8% vakantiegeld is roughly €64,800 gross before other allowances.", "related": [ "cao", "30-percent-ruling" ] }, { "slug": "30-percent-ruling", "term": "30% ruling", "zh": "30% 外籍人才税收优惠", "category": "Netherlands", "definition": "The 30% ruling is a Dutch tax facility for eligible incoming employees, allowing a portion of salary to be paid tax-free; the rate and conditions have changed over time.", "zhDef": "荷兰针对符合条件的外籍员工的税收优惠，部分薪资可免税；比例和条件会调整。", "why": "It materially changes net pay and is often mentioned in offers without explaining eligibility.", "example": "“30% ruling possible” is not a guarantee; the employer and employee must meet the conditions.", "related": [ "vakantiegeld", "eu-blue-card" ] }, { "slug": "eu-blue-card", "term": "EU Blue Card", "zh": "欧盟蓝卡", "category": "EU", "definition": "The EU Blue Card is a work-and-residence permit for qualified non-EU workers, with salary and qualification thresholds set by the member state.", "zhDef": "面向非欧盟高技能人才的欧盟工作/居留许可，薪资和学历门槛由各成员国设定。", "why": "It is a hard gate for non-EU candidates, and the employer usually has to drive the application.", "example": "A German Blue Card requires a recognized qualification and a salary above the annual threshold.", "related": [ "right-to-work", "hard-gate" ] }, { "slug": "at-will", "term": "At-will employment", "zh": "自由雇佣", "category": "US", "definition": "At-will employment means either the employer or the employee can end the relationship at any time for any lawful reason, subject to exceptions and contracts.", "zhDef": "美国自由雇佣：雇主或员工可在合法范围内随时终止关系，除非合同/法律另有规定。", "why": "It changes job security and severance expectations compared with notice-based systems.", "example": "“At-will” does not mean anything goes; anti-discrimination and contract terms still apply.", "related": [ "w2-1099", "401k" ] }, { "slug": "w2-1099", "term": "W-2 vs 1099", "zh": "雇员 vs 独立承包商", "category": "US", "definition": "W-2 workers are employees with payroll withholding and benefits; 1099 workers are independent contractors responsible for their own taxes and benefits.", "zhDef": "W-2 是雇员（代扣税、福利），1099 是独立承包商（自行报税、无福利）。", "why": "The same headline rate can be worth very different amounts after taxes, benefits, and unpaid time.", "example": "A 1099 role at $80/hour may net less than a W-2 role at $60/hour with benefits.", "related": [ "at-will", "401k" ] }, { "slug": "401k", "term": "401(k)", "zh": "美国退休账户", "category": "US", "definition": "A 401(k) is a US employer-sponsored retirement account; employer matching is part of compensation but often vests over time.", "zhDef": "美国雇主提供的退休账户；雇主 match 属于薪酬，但通常有归属期。", "why": "Match and vesting can add meaningful value that a base-salary comparison misses.", "example": "A 5% match on a $150,000 salary is $7,500 a year before growth.", "related": [ "w2-1099", "at-will" ] }, { "slug": "h1b", "term": "H-1B", "zh": "美国高技能工作签证", "category": "US", "definition": "The H-1B is a US specialty-occupation work visa; it is subject to an annual cap and a lottery, and the employer files the petition.", "zhDef": "美国高技能专业岗位工作签证，有年度配额和抽签，由雇主提交申请。", "why": "It is a hard gate with timing risk; “we sponsor” is not the same as “we will file this year”.", "example": "A role that requires H-1B sponsorship may be closed even if the technical match is strong.", "related": [ "right-to-work", "hard-gate" ] }, { "slug": "kangya", "term": "抗压 (kàng yā)", "zh": "抗压", "category": "China", "definition": "抗压 literally means “stress resistance”; in Chinese JDs it often signals high pressure, long hours, or frequent priority changes without saying so directly.", "zhDef": "“抗压”字面是承受压力，JD 里常暗示高压、长工时或频繁变需求。", "why": "It is a workload signal, not a personality requirement; ask what a normal week looks like.", "example": "“抗压能力强，能适应快节奏” is a prompt to ask about hours, on-call, and deadline frequency.", "related": [ "daxiao-zhou", "wuxian-yijin" ] }, { "slug": "wuxian-yijin", "term": "五险一金", "zh": "五险一金", "category": "China", "definition": "五险一金 is the Chinese statutory social-insurance and housing-fund package: pension, medical, unemployment, work injury, maternity, and the housing provident fund.", "zhDef": "中国法定社保与住房公积金：养老、医疗、失业、工伤、生育 + 公积金。", "why": "It is a large part of real compensation, and the contribution base matters more than the headline salary.", "example": "“五险一金全额缴纳” is stronger than “按最低基数缴纳”.", "related": [ "kangya", "tongzhao" ] }, { "slug": "tongzhao", "term": "统招 (tǒng zhāo)", "zh": "统招", "category": "China", "definition": "统招 refers to full-time higher-education admission through the national entrance exam; many Chinese JDs use it as a hard degree filter.", "zhDef": "通过全国统一招生考试的全日制学历；很多 JD 把它当硬性学历筛选。", "why": "It can screen out otherwise qualified candidates, including many self-taught or part-time-degree engineers.", "example": "“统招本科及以上” is a gate that may be stricter than “本科及以上”.", "related": [ "hard-gate", "kangya" ] }, { "slug": "daxiao-zhou", "term": "大小周", "zh": "大小周", "category": "China", "definition": "大小周 is a schedule that alternates a five-day week and a six-day week, usually without extra pay.", "zhDef": "一周双休、一周单休交替的工作节奏，通常没有额外报酬。", "why": "It adds roughly two extra working days a month and is a concrete workload signal.", "example": "“大小周” means you should ask which weeks are six-day and whether overtime is paid.", "related": [ "kangya", "wuxian-yijin" ] } ] }